76^th Republic Day – 26 January 2025

Republic Day is one of India’s most significant national holidays, celebrated annually on January 26th. It commemorates the day India adopted its Constitution, officially becoming a Sovereign Republic.

For Indians worldwide, it serves as a moment of reflection. They ponder the democratic journey and the values that define the nation.

Republic Day is celebrated on January 26th every year to honor the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950. Here are some key facts:

• It marks the transition of India from a British dominion to a fully independent Republic.
• Although India gained Independence from British Raj on August 15, 1947, the Government of India Act (1935) was used for the first three years as the governing document of India.
• With the adoption of the Constitution in 1950, the country became officially known as the Republic of India.
• According to the Preamble, India is described as a “Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic.” It “secures all its citizens Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.”
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as the first President of India on January 26, 1950.

Understanding Republic Day requires a glimpse into India’s journey to freedom and the creation of its Constitution:

For over 200 years, India was under British colonial rule. The struggle for independence saw leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Patel advocating self-rule.

After gaining independence in 1947, India needed a comprehensive legal framework. It was crucial to govern a diverse and newly independent nation.

After more than two years, the constitution of India was completed and solidified the establishment of India’s independent democratic government. 395 articles and 12 schedules make up India’s Constitution. 

The Constitution ensures a Parliamentary type of government and majority party rule. The Prime Minister of India is the country’s leader.

India’s Constitution also outlines six major Fundamental Rights afforded to all citizens of India.

In addition to these rights, there is also a list of Duties expected of all citizens. The document also outlines the branches of government that make up the Union of India.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is often called the ‘Father of the Indian Constitution‘ as he played a pivotal role in shaping the Constitution.

• The Constituent Assembly members (a committee to draft the Constitution), meticulously debated and deliberated to create this document.
• Dr. Ambedkar’s contributions extended beyond the legal framework. He championed the rights of marginalized communities. He ensured that the Constitution protected every citizen.

The date was chosen to honor the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1930. The resolution for Purna Swaraj (complete self-rule) was declared during this session. This resolution marked the first concrete step towards attaining freedom.

The Republic Day Celebrations begin on 23rd January (Parakram Divas or the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose).

Republic Day Speech: On the eve of Republic Day (25 January), the President of India addresses the nation. This address outlines the nation’s achievements, challenges, and vision for the future.

The Republic Day is celebrated on 26 January with grandeur in the capital city, New Delhi. Key events include:

Tributes are paid to Soldiers and Freedom Fighters who sacrificed their lives for the Nation. Before the parade, the Prime Minister lays a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, an arched war memorial. A moment of silence is taken to commemorate fallen soldiers.

The President of India hoists the National Flag at Kartavya Path (formerly Rajpath). A 21-gun salute and the singing of the National Anthem follow this. Thousands of spectators attend the event, which is broadcast nationwide.

• The Republic Day parade begins at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, specifically Raisina Hill. It then proceeds along the Kartavya Path, passing India Gate, before concluding at the historic Red Fort.
• This parade is presided over by the President of India. 
• The Parade showcases India’s Military might, Cultural Heritage, and Technological Advancements.
• The March Past includes contingents from the three branches of the Armed Forces and paramilitary forces.
• There are displays of vibrant floats/Tableaux from different States and Union Territories and various State and Central government organizations. These displays highlight the Nation’s diversity and are based on various cultural and social themes. There are also performances by schoolchildren and various artists. The Tableaux theme for this year is ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas (Golden India – Heritage and Development).‘
• The parade concludes with fireworks and a fly-past by the Indian Air Force. 

• Prestigious civilian awards like the Padma Awards are presented.
• Children who display extraordinary bravery are honored with the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar.
• Soldiers who perform outstanding deeds of bravery are awarded the Bravery Medals. Those who show selfless sacrifice receive the Param Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Maha Vir Chakra.

• A foreign dignitary is invited as the Chief Guest to the celebrations every year. This symbolizes India’s diplomatic relations and global outreach. This year, Indonesia’s President, Prabowo Subianto, will grace the celebrations in the Capital. Notable guests have included Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama.

Marks the end of four-day-long Republic Day celebrations on January 29th. Held at Vijay Chowk, it features performances by military bands playing soulful tunes. The ceremony concludes with the national flag lowered and the hymn “Abide With Me.”

Republic Day remains relevant in contemporary India for several reasons:

Celebrating India’s Achievements

It highlights the nation’s progress in technology, space exploration, and economic development. Military advancements and indigenous technologies are proudly displayed during the parade.

Reflection on Democracy and Justice

The Constitution reminds us of the principles of Justice, Equality, and Freedom and underscores the importance of upholding democratic values.

Longest Constitution

The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, with 448 articles, 12 schedules, and numerous amendments.

First Parade

The first Republic Day parade was held in 1950 at Irwin Stadium (now Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium) in Delhi. The Chief Guest of the first Republic Day Parade in 1950 was President Sukarno of Indonesia.

Tricolor Symbolism

The three colors of the flag represent Courage (saffron), Peace (white), and Prosperity (green). The Ashoka Chakra symbolizes eternal truth.

Constitution Drafting Timeline

It took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to draft the Indian Constitution.

Republic Day is a celebration of India’s Democratic spirit, its rich Cultural Heritage, and the enduring relevance of its Constitution. It is also a day to reflect on the principles that bind the nation together.

As we celebrate this momentous day, let us cherish the values of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity that the Republic Day symbolizes.

Share your own memories and traditions of Republic Day in the comments below. Let’s keep the spirit of this day alive for generations to come!